5/16/2018 5:18:00 PM
翻譯公司告訴你漢譯英的翻譯小技巧
翻譯公司告訴你漢譯英的翻譯小技巧
一、分清主從 (Subordination)
漢語(yǔ)句中各分句關(guān)系比較松散，所以在動(dòng)筆前應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析句子要旨所在。句中重點(diǎn)往往在后。英譯時(shí)，要突出重點(diǎn)或主句，其他部分可分別用介詞短語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式或各種從句表示。
1、 沒(méi)有農(nóng)業(yè)，人們就不能生存，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)就不能繼續(xù)下去。
Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production
proceed.
2、 他們一聽(tīng)到“反霸”就火冒三丈,這充分暴露了他們那霸權(quán)主義的蠻橫嘴臉。
The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-
hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.
3、 有人以為社會(huì)主義就了不起，一點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有，哪有這個(gè)事?
Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can
that be true?
4、 但是，象我們常說(shuō)的那樣，道路總是曲折的，前途總是光明的。
But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is
bright.
二、 選詞用字 (Diction)
在漢譯英時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意選找與原文中在意義上和風(fēng)味上盡可能都類似的詞語(yǔ)。
1、每個(gè)民族都有它的長(zhǎng)處，不然它為什么能存在?為什么能發(fā)展?
Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?
2、樹雄心，立壯志，向科學(xué)技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)軍。
Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution
of modernization of science and technology.
3、 我國(guó)的社會(huì)主義建設(shè)，需要一個(gè)和平的國(guó)際環(huán)境，需要一個(gè)國(guó)內(nèi)安定團(tuán)結(jié)，
天下大治的局面。
For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment
of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.
4、論技術(shù)，她那時(shí)還不如我，但思想?yún)s比我高得多。
Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was
head and shoulders above me.
三、增益 (Ampification)
漢譯英時(shí)的“增益”技巧的運(yùn)用,有時(shí)是為了使英美人理解原文的精確含義,有時(shí)是為了遵循英語(yǔ)的行文習(xí)慣。
1、交出翻譯之前，必須讀幾遍，看看有沒(méi)有要修改的地方。這樣才能把工作做好。
Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again
and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can
you do your work well.
(英語(yǔ)行文時(shí)人稱代詞，物主代詞用得較多)
2、她挑水，生爐子，洗東西，忙個(gè)不停。
Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every
minute. (增益為了意譯)
3、他們一聽(tīng)說(shuō)有新任務(wù)，就坐不往了。
When they learnt that they’d been given a new task, they just couldn’t sit still any longer. (增加not… any longer 表示“不再”.)
4、會(huì)用就了不得,不會(huì)用就一文不值.
It works wonders when you know how to use it, but when you don’t it is not
worth a single penny. (增加連詞與代詞)
三、 省略法.(Omission)
漢語(yǔ)不怕重復(fù),英語(yǔ)中有相同的詞語(yǔ)?？墒÷?行文較簡(jiǎn)練。漢語(yǔ)中出于行文需要而沒(méi)有實(shí)意的一些詞語(yǔ)在英譯時(shí)也要省略。
1、我們要培養(yǎng)分析問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems.
(只用一個(gè)problems)
2、我已提前完成了任務(wù)，他也提前完成了。
I’ve fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
3、中國(guó)人民歷來(lái)是勇于探索，勇于創(chuàng)造，勇于革命的。
The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into
things, to make inventions and to make revolution.
(只用一個(gè)courageous enough )
4、質(zhì)子帶陽(yáng)電，電子帶陰電，而中子既不帶陽(yáng)電，也不帶陰電。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a
neutron has neither.
五、轉(zhuǎn)換 (Conversion)
漢語(yǔ)中的某些詞類在英譯時(shí)常常要根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的另一類詞，更符合英語(yǔ)的慣用法。不僅如此，有時(shí)整個(gè)句式也要轉(zhuǎn)換。
1、一定要少說(shuō)空話，多做工作。
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
(漢語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)中的名詞)
2、警察把那個(gè)孩子的胳臂抓得更緊了，叫嚷道：“學(xué)規(guī)矩點(diǎn)!”
Tightening his hold on the boy’s arm, the policeman yelled,“Learn some respect!”(句子的前部分轉(zhuǎn)換成分詞結(jié)構(gòu))
3、口試時(shí)問(wèn)了她十個(gè)問(wèn)題,她一一答對(duì)了。
She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one correctly.
(主動(dòng)式轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)式句型)
4、語(yǔ)言這個(gè)東西不是隨便可以學(xué)好的，非下苦功不可。
The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
(句式不同但意思完全相同)
六、詞序調(diào)整。(Inversion)
每種語(yǔ)言都有自己的自然語(yǔ)序，翻譯時(shí)要注意入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。特別要注意英譯時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的詞序。
1、 這個(gè)茶會(huì)是由倫敦《泰晤士報(bào)》的高級(jí)記者約翰先生舉行的。
The tea-party was given by Mr John, senior correspondent of The
Times, London.(英譯時(shí)姓名在前，職務(wù)在后)
2、 我們上星期天在她家盡情地吃了一頓。
We ate to our hearts’ content at her home last Sunday.
(漢語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)排列：時(shí)間―――地點(diǎn)―――方式
英語(yǔ)的排列是： 方式―――地點(diǎn)―――時(shí)間)
3、我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣光明的前途。
Never have we seen so bright a future before us.
(英語(yǔ)中Never開(kāi)頭的句子詞序要倒裝)
4、荷花雖好，也要綠葉扶持。
With all its beauty the lotus needs the green of its leaves to set it off.
( With 的特殊用法，表示讓步，用在句首)
七、正說(shuō)反譯，反說(shuō)正譯。(Negation)
英漢兩種語(yǔ)言都有自己的約定俗成的正反說(shuō)法，這在英譯時(shí)要時(shí)刻注意到。英語(yǔ)中有些詞匯本身就有否定的意思，要善于利用，如 fail, without, beyond, until, unless, instead of 等;
1、我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)。他昨天沒(méi)有露面。
I don’t think he is correct. he failed to turn up yesterday.
(正說(shuō)反譯，反說(shuō)正譯)
2、證據(jù)確鑿，毋庸置疑。
The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.(反說(shuō)正譯)
3、那件事沒(méi)有減弱我們的決心，反倒增強(qiáng)了我們的決心。
That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.
( or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.)
4、 會(huì)議開(kāi)得冷冷清清，有時(shí)甚至開(kāi)不下去了。
The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that
at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.(正說(shuō)反譯，反說(shuō)正譯)
八、長(zhǎng)句拆譯。 (Division)
翻譯時(shí)隨意斷句是不足取的，但為了忠實(shí)并通順地轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)原意，仔細(xì)分析后，在保持原文風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)的前提下，適當(dāng)?shù)財(cái)嗑涞癸@得更自然有力。長(zhǎng)句拆譯時(shí)往往要綜合使用學(xué)到的種種技巧。
1、我們的一般企業(yè)很少注意經(jīng)濟(jì)效果，廣泛存在著勞動(dòng)無(wú)定員，生產(chǎn)無(wú)定額，質(zhì)量無(wú)檢查，成本無(wú)核算的現(xiàn)象，在人力、物力、財(cái)力上造成很多浪費(fèi)。
Our enterprises in general pay little attention to economic results, since usually the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, production quota is not fixed, the quality of products is not checked and cost accounting is not earnestly practised. All this has incurred a big waste of manpower, material resources and money.
(因?yàn)樵L(zhǎng)句結(jié)尾處是表判斷帶有總結(jié)性的分句，所以在這里斷句譯較好)
2、人民的覺(jué)悟是不容易的，要去掉人民頭腦中的錯(cuò)誤思想，需要我們做很多切切實(shí)實(shí)的工作。
The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.
(原句中包含著從一般到細(xì)節(jié)的過(guò)渡，斷句分譯才使譯文更有條理)
3、一定要言行一致，理論與實(shí)踐密切結(jié)合，反對(duì)華而不實(shí)和任何虛夸，少說(shuō)空話，多做工作，扎扎實(shí)實(shí)，埋頭苦干。
Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated.
We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated.
長(zhǎng)句拆譯方面對(duì)初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)有些偏深，故不多舉例了。作為有心人認(rèn)真探索是大有好處的。
以上我們探討了如何在漢譯英時(shí)把“英譯漢”的翻譯技巧加以利用,以求得英語(yǔ)行文正確與合理.現(xiàn)在我們要從另一個(gè)角度來(lái)分析漢譯英.也就是從語(yǔ)法上著手，縱橫結(jié)合。通過(guò)這樣學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)提高實(shí)際運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力有極其重要的作用。因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)的句子我們可以一目十行，怎么樣地道地用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)才是我們“翻譯法”的終極目標(biāo)。